Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments
Source: https://doi.org/10.2307/1942661
Read URL: https://sciences.ucf.edu/biology/d4lab/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/08/Hurlbert-1984.pdf
Read date: 2026-10-30
Depth: Article abstract/introduction and experimental-unit discussion in university-hosted original scan

Paraphrased evidence: Pseudoreplication includes inferential treatment of non-independent replicates. The paper distinguishes experimental units from subsamples.
Scope: Independence and inferential units
Limit: This CEX study is documentary and nonexperimental; connection is a design analogy, not direct external validation
Application (project inference): Expanding one country list into many rows does not create independent documentary observations

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